Language and Power 2.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Language and Power 2.2 - Essay Example All things considered, the accompanying investigation will look to give a diagram and comprehension of how teachers, just as individual partners, can create viable reactions to issues of language in power. It is the desire for this specific creator that such a degree of conversation will be gainful; not just in giving a more extensive degree of distinguishing proof and comprehension of the topic of module two †yet additionally as far as viably understanding the numerous nuanced impacts that language has upon the life of the individual understudy and partner inside society. Correspondingly, a particular center will likewise be put upon instructive reactions to my, for example, basic education, basic teaching method, basic multiculturalism, and different viewpoints that are in many cases remembered for main subjects far and wide. As far as basic instructional method and basic multiculturalism, Alastair Pennycook demonstrates that one of the significant issues confronting instructors inside the current time has to do with the translation of educating ESL understudies; or all the more explicitly (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). Inside his article, entitled â€Å"Critical Moments in TESOL Praxicum†, Pennycook shows there is a sure shame that is connected to showing these understudies; a disgrace that most legitimately identifies with an understanding that TESOL instruction is a kind of snort work †something that no other instructor needs. As can straightforwardly be seen, the ramifications of this has for basic teaching method and basic multiculturalism is one in which these understudies are as a rule comprehended or saw as far as the â€Å"untouchables† (Pennycook, 2004). Though it is frequently not the race, sex, or culture of the ESL understudy that urges certain te achers to make this appraisal, the effect of absence of want, absence of energy, or absence of enthusiasm for

Introduction to Management Semco Company

Question: Talk about theIntroduction to Managementfor Semco Company. Answer: Presentation The investigation centers around the change the executives parts of Semco. Semco is an organization that manages mechanical machine producing in Brazil. In 1950s, the organization has appeared. In any case, in 1980s, the downturn has won around then. The various kinds of progressive structure are the fundamental attributes of the hierarchical structure of the associations at that period. The various leveled the executives structure is portrayed by man centric structure of authority. They have various sorts of guidelines that are the reason for making of numerous issues inside the association. The issues are relieved by the proprietor of the organization for example Richard Semler to the various phases of business activities inside the organization itself. The change of the various leveled structure with the execution of the various traits and systems are answerable for a significant change in the association itself. The investigation will bring up various dangers taken by Semler so a s to execute various techniques of changing the idea of the workforce alongside increment of profitability. It will expand the worldwide serious condition alongside the various sorts of changes in the initiative style of the organization. Transformational Plan It tends to be said that to actualize the transformational plan inside the association, various kinds of exercises of participative administration is executed at the various degrees of operational division in the organization. The new association structure that is proposed by Semler has decreased the degrees of chain of importance from 7 to 3. There are no center level administrators. The laborers of the associations are separated into various offices or gatherings. It is seen that the current authoritative structure is basic and less complex in nature. Already, because of essence of numerous chains of importance representatives are not happy to speak with the senior administration because of absence of correspondence (Moriano et al., 2014). Thus, the issues between the laborers continue as before. In the past hierarchical structure, the lesser administrators face numerous issues in the association in the point of view of serious condition both inside and outside the organization. It is the explanation of usage of the extreme change as culture and it depends on trust. The liberal methodology and the rich authoritative culture are answerable for the acknowledgment of the change (Strom et al., 2014). The work culture of the organization is rich to acknowledge the proposed change by Semler in the hierarchical points of view. In the new type of transformational plan, the various degrees of representatives are furnished with intensity of taking choices and regulating the procedure of work they are related with. The laborers are partitioned into bunches where the forces continues as before and the obligation of the workers (Birasnav, 2014). The achievement of the technique of change is answerable for the way of life rehearsed in the various degrees of activity in the association. The uniqueness of the way of life of work is liable for improving the abilities of the laborers in their specific field of work. The accomplishment of the arrangement is relied upon the various parts of the laborers of the association as they are given the intensity of dynamic alongside the augmentation of pay and other pay to them (Girma 2016). The components that are answerable for deciding the achievement of the transformational plan are the board style, nature of work, bunch dynamic, relational connections, and so forth. Aside from that, different components of inspiration, monetary variables, social elements, administration factors, and equitable procedures are liable for the accomplishment of the transformational plan. It very well may be said that, one gathering of individuals are supporting the estimations of the new transformational pl an, then again, one gathering of individuals felt that they don't have the necessary degree of significance from the various specialists of junior level from the various sorts of Semco (Saleem et al., 2015). The center level representatives on the since quite a while ago run are not tolerating the various changes in the hierarchical structure and the transformational plan of Semler, as they are not being profited in their specific assignment of work. Consequently, it very well may be said that the a portion of the mid level chiefs won't generally acknowledge the transformational plan proposed by Semler inside the operational branch of the association (Lam et al., 2015). Fundamental Changes at Semco The circumstance before the usage of the transformational plan was extraordinary, as the idea of the structure of the association was unique. It is inflexible and man centric in nature. Numerous chains of command are answerable for coming to the real issue looked by changed representatives at various operational offices. The senior administration of the organization can't reach to the base degree of the issues of the representatives just as the association (Maslow, 2013). Concentrating on the issues and issues looked by the association as far as profitability of the association and the representatives and the worker relations, the activities of progress the executives have been actualized in the part of improving representative relations, authority structure and improved hierarchical structure (Healy, 2016). After usage of the participative initiative methodologies, transformational plan and working in bunches is liable for making various changes inside the association. The progressi ons are sure in nature and are considered for bringing the normal outcomes aside from certain dangers and preventions that are basic on account of usage of progress the board methodologies. The progressions incorporate gathering cohesiveness, expanded efficiency, self inspiration, advancement, expanded social variables, expanded correspondence, solid dynamic of the organization, improved work culture, improved representative relations, expanded inspiration of the representatives, and so on (Kaur, 2013). The radical transformational methodology is answerable for making change among the psyches of the workers of the association at various authoritative levels and operational divisions. The new executed hierarchical structure and the participative initiative procedures are answerable for expanded the inspiration of the various workers particularly the lesser level representatives of the association (Smith and Shields, 2013). For this situation, the Maslows hypothesis of inspiration has worked appropriately. Maslows chain of importance of requirements comprises of barely any phases that fulfill the necessities of an individual both as far as close to home and expert life. Notwithstanding, it tends to be said that both the individual and expert life are interrelated with one another as far as inspiration. Pecking order of requirements comprises of physiological needs, security needs, having a place needs, confidence needs, and self completion needs (Band et al., 2016). Aside from that, t here are other hypothetical systems of inspiration, that can be superbly actualized while clarifying the circumstance looked by Semco regarding improving the profitability of the organization just as the various degrees of workers. The ideal hypothesis of inspiration that can be actualized in this circumstance is Herzbergs two-factor hypothesis of inspiration. The two factor hypothesis is ordered into two segments, for example, cleanliness factors and persuasive components. Cleanliness factors incorporate distinctive kind of components that can spur representatives so as to play out their work, for example, regulatory strategies and authoritative approaches, pay, incidental advantages, status, physical working conditions, employer stability, relational relations, and so on. In any case, it very well may be said that the cleanliness factors are not really considered as the inspirations as the persuasive elements itself is liable for production of a fulfillment in the brains of the in dividuals. The inspirational components incorporate acknowledgment, limited time and development openings, feeling of accomplishment, obligation, acknowledgment, importance of work, and so forth. It very well may be said that the changed techniques are answerable for executing every one of these variables in the hierarchical structure and the HR strategies of the association (Pinder, 2014). In any case, it very well may be bring up that the changed things that Semco has begun actualizing are really improving the inspiration of the workers of the association. Potential Sources of Tension Pressure is identified with the idea of contention. Struggle is a typical viewpoint at whatever point an association is going on the period of progress. The individuals who are related with the change and various sorts of other HR related techniques for worker relations and pay must face the deterrents from various representatives. It is the ability and duty of the various supervisors related with the post of vital administration and human asset office to care for the advantage and issues looked by the representatives during the time spent change the executives (Fernando and Moore, 2015). In this setting additionally strain or clashes are have been emerge. It tends to be said that the supervisors of the association itself cause the pressures. It is incomprehensible for an association or a particular division of the association to fulfill the necessities and desires for each worker appropriately. For example, the senior administration of the organization can't check or monitor the iss ues looked by each worker particularly at junior degree of the association. It has happened because of the unbending progressive structure of the association. It is the explanation of formation of a correspondence hole. Be that as it may, the organizer of the association has brought up the reality and has stepped up to the plate and change the hierarchical structure inside the various branches of the organization (Pinder, 2014). It is called attention to the way that the recently changed hierarchical structure is answerable for creat

Interview with Paymill founder Mark Fabian Henkel

Interview with Paymill founder Mark Fabian Henkel Mark Fabian Henkel, CEO and co-founder of the payment startup Paymill, shares his startup story and major learnings from his entrepreneurial journey.What made you become an entrepreneur, Mark?The daily work as a consultant wasn ´t challenging me anymore and I felt it was the same day every day. I wanted to build up something myself and benefit from the experience I gained from the years before. Taking care of my own business gave me the opportunity to really change something within the industry and create a valuable feature for e-businesses.How did you come up with the business idea of Paymill and why did you choose this idea over other ideas you might have had?I saw the lack of such a product in Europe and the process back then for startups and young entrepreneurs to start their online business was very complex. We wanted to be a startup for startups, helping those to focus on their business, not wasting time to work on a solution themselves to process their payments.How did you acq uire your first customers? Which channels and tactics did you use?Actually word of mouth. In the early beginnings we ran from event to event, convinced friends and business partners of our great idea, trying to sell our solution. We invested our budget rather in product development, than into paid sales or marketing channels. It have been crazy times then, but the experience was great. Looking back it feels just incredible that we now have dedicated sales and marketing teams, who take especially care of spreading the word and selling our products.Can you please describe how the business model of Paymill works in detail (e.g. value proposition, revenue model, customer segments, channels)?That ´s simple: Online payments made easy. We offer an easy and secure payment solution for online and mobile businesses with various payment methods through one API. Merchants are free to design their own checkout however they like, they can easily integrate our API keys into their system to start a ccepting online payments worldwide in more than 100 currencies. The merchants sign up for a free account and can manage all transactions within one dashboard and minimum effort of implementation.Bill Gates said once People overestimate what they can achieve in 1 year, but underestimate what they can reach in 10 years. What was your expectation of Paymill when you started?Bill Gates is right. We thought we can achieve way more in the first months. But looking back now, after more than three years, we did great. We built a product which is widely used in Europe and really gives added value to our customers. Still after three years, the whole (now massively grown) team works with dedication, enthusiasm and conviction towards our 10th anniversary.Can you paint a vivid picture of the very early days starting Paymill before having an external investor? What was a day like? What things did you focus on?There was no focus, there were so many things which needed to be done. Partnerships, mar keting, starting pitches etc. When you first start you want to perform great, put all efforts in product development and work, work, work! We are greatful to have those great investors on our side, who helped us to sort things out and supported us on structuring the company. We still benefit from their experience.What tips did your investors provide you with? What things did you change that had a lasting positive impact on your business?They already gave us in an early stage the advise to test new products with existing merchants before the official product launch. This was very valuable, since we ´ve learned how to avoid growing pains right before they happen. Also they taught us how imporatent it is to listen to the customers and to do interviews and surveys on a regular basis, to understand how they develop and what they expect from us as a service provider. We are growing with our customers, and they do with us.What things would you have changed and how, if you could turn time b ack?Having a product in mind is important, listen to your target group is more important. As said, we worked with high pressure on developing and enhancing our product, because we had this great idea in mind. Today everything is data driven. We would take advantage of this and put more efforts in research and analysis to understand the customers’ needs and requirements.What would you do today, if you would start a company and wanted to learn about the customer needs?I ´d try to learn everything about my target group right from the beginning. Today everything is about meeting your customers’ expectation, giving enough freedom of individualisation, but also deliver a implementation-ready product. You need to find a balance to serve your customers what they need, but stay efficient at the same time. Agile development and project management make this possible. The keyword is focus.How did you find and convince investors to put money in your business?Stubbornness, persistance, and go od knowledge about your numbers are the keys. You have to be conviced about your product and ideas, only then you can convince others to believe in your company. As said, we worked with high dedication and euphoria in those days, and we do it now.What is your perception of the development of the startup ecosystem in Germany?The growth of the startup scene and entrepreneurial community is incredibly exciting. It was never so easy and never so hard at the same time to start your own business. Especially online businesses do not only compete with local businesses anymore, but also with others all around the world. It ´s hard to find a really new idea and be the first one in this globalized market. On the other hand, there have never been more Investors, Incubators, Business Angels or startup events to help young entrepreneurs to establish their business and deliver valuable support especially at the start. There are many chances out there, young start up founders can take advantage of! Besides payments, what current business ideas do you perceive as truly disruptive? Which industries are ripe for disruption?There are many business opportunities outside, indeed. I ´d say everything which is about automating processes or making consumer lives easier can be successful. But do you know what would be truly helpful? If someone finds solutions for social problems instead of how to easily become a millionaire. We have this great benefit of being born and raised in central Europe. Everyone should take advantage of that lucky coincidence and give something back.

The Egyptian Book Of The Dead Essay - 1716 Words

The Egyptian Book of the Dead was used primarily from the establishment of the New Kingdom in 1550 BCE to 50 BCE. It consisted of the collection of texts and spells designed to assist the deceased in their journey to the next world. The book of the dead was part of a custom of memorial texts that consisted of the past Coffin Texts and the Pyramid Texts that were decorated on objects. Spells were drained from the past works and other Egyptian history courting to Third Intermediate Period (Budge, 2012:21). Some spells were combined to make a book which was continuously adorned into the tomb walls. Later on, the Book of the Dead was retained in the burial chambers of the dead person. Most of the people commissioned their copies of the books of the dead, and chose the spells that they opted to be most vital in their progression to the afterlife. There was no particular Book of the Dead as people had the freedom to decide what they thought was good for them. The spells were the determinant of how the life will be after death, thereby leaving them with the option of choosing those spells that they felt were most appropriate. The people were supposed to recite the chapters about the beautification of the dead for them to gain power and privileges of the new life. The pictorial presentation in the Book of the Dead played an important role in the magical ritual (Quirke, 2013:172). The pleasures of the dead were to sail to heaven using the boat of Ra and to secure this the deceasedShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptian Book of the Dead620 Words   |  3 PagesThe Egyptian Book of the Dead The Book was originally intended as a set of spells and incantations meant to insure safe passage for the soul of a deceased person into the Underworld. Some of the ending chapters include instructions on not dying a second time, meaning how not to die in the underworld and thus having no chance of being reborn or living a full afterlife. The original text--at least, the bits and pieces that modern scholars possess--consists of a set of hymns, beginning withRead MoreThe Code Of Hammurabi And The Egyptian Book Of The Dead986 Words   |  4 PagesMesopotamia and Egypt are depicted in The Code of Hammurabi translated by Theophile J. Meek and in The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead translated by R. Faulkner. The King of Babylon, Hammurabi himself in 1700 BCE, wrote The Code of Hammurabi containing severe two hundred and eighty two law codes that the whole society was to follow. Similarly to law codes, The Egyptian Book of the Dead was used in the New Kingdom that is around 1550 BCE t o around 50 BCE, it also served as a platform way of lifeRead MoreReligion And The Egyptian Religion Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesit comes to the perceptions of death, often times death does not signal the end of all things in most religions. 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Egypt is most known for its pyramids, mummies, pharaohs, and its’ polytheistic religion. The Egyptians answer to the terrible question â€Å"Why are we here?† The Egyptians believed that they were to spend their lives preparing for their afterlife as seen through their literature, architecture, and burial rituals. Furthermore, The Egyptians most famous preparation for the afterlife is easiest seen through their architecture. The early kings of Egypt would spend theirRead MoreAncient Egypt : A Tomb For The Pharaohs Of The Old Kingdom1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sphinx-†¨ The Sphinx was built as a tomb for the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom in Egypt. The mixed form, both animal and human, is significant, especially since they were normally just built as regular pyramids. It is an important symbol of Egyptian kingship and religion because pharaohs were expected to be a form of a god that is capable of living on earth in person form. The Nile River- The developing and prosperous culture that prolonged Egypt was supported on the yearly overspill of the riverRead MoreThe Death And The Afterlife Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesRa were sun gods. The Egyptians felt that they needed to pray and build temples for these gods and goddesses to stay in their favor. These gods were believed to control everything, and if the Egyptians pleased them they would be rewarded. They worshipped their gods by making offerings. They would leave flowers and food in temples to show their respect. Commoners were not often allowed in temples. Priests had plenty of power because the gods were often feared. Most Egyptians did not actually love

Heroism, Magic and Retribution in Lord of the Rings and...

Heroism, Magic and Retribution in Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit A fantasy is an imaginary world where all things imaginable can be brought to life. J.R.R Tolkien portrayed fantasy through his use of skilled craftsmanship and a vivid imagination, which was presented in each piece of literature he wrote. In Tolkiens two stories The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings we see the theme of fantasy brought to life through three essential elements, heroism, magic and retribution. Heroism is shown through the characters courage and bravery in situations where conflict arises and this enables them to be seen in a new light. Magic is a form of extraordinary power seemingly through a supernatural force; it is used in a combination of combat†¦show more content†¦As a child this character encountered Smaug for the first time while fleeing the ruination of their city; now even though Bard was overcome with the fear that every mortal has when they are near one of these tremendous beasts, he was determined to stand his ground due to the love he had for the ir small town. He was able to accomplish this impossible task because a small thrush perched on his shoulder and told him of the one weak spot of the dragon, the hollow of its left breast. Bard then inflicted death upon the terrible Smaug with his last arrow and was nearly killed himself by the tremendous weight of the beast in the process, but he jumped out of the way and into the water just in the nick of time. With a shriek that deafened man, felled trees and split stone, Smaug shot spouting into the air, turned over and crashed down from high in ruin. (229) A character that displays the traits of heroism is one who overcomes the odds through the use of unique and valuable qualities; this remains just as true in The Lord of the Rings as it does in The Hobbit. One truly heroic act occurred when Gandalf the Great, determined to defend the fellowship took on a Balrog, this huge, bat-like source of evil stood on the bridge to freedom and did battle with the poor mage. Gandalf, stricken with fear caused the bridge to collapse and with it fell the Balrog. However, with one last effort

Barker, Social Contract(Rousseau) Free Essays

In Social Contract, Jean-Jacques Rousseau draws some interesting conclusions and makes some very interesting points about the dynamic that human beings have to go through when dealing with each other. His main points in the book have to do with the fact that men are not meant to be held down, nor or they meant to be restrained in any way. Instead, men were meant to run free and be able to make their own decisions as much as they possibly can. We will write a custom essay sample on Barker, Social Contract(Rousseau) or any similar topic only for you Order Now I think that this book takes the completely complicated question of human nature and breaks it down in a way that is a little bit easier to understand. The first and most prevalent point in the book is about how people are not meant to be held down or restrained. According to the thoughts of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, freedom and liberty are things that help both people and societies thrive and survive. More than anything else, people desire this type of freedom because it makes them feel like they can do what they were meant to do. In my opinion, this is a driving force for societies. Because of human nature and how we are wired, people are not meant at all to be held down and they are not meant to have to conform to what society tells them to conform to. When a society feels like they are being held down or enslaved by another group of people, it is just a natural thing to want to break free of that oppression and spread their wings. This book also takes an interesting look at the role of government and how it impacts the way people treat each other. Like many of the prevalent thinkers of his time, Rousseau holds onto the opinion that big government is a limiting factor instead of being something that has a positive impact on the people it purports to help. With that in mind, government should be limited as much as possible, especially when there is a chance that some sort of corruption exists underneath the surface. I think this is a cynical way to look at life, but given the circumstances that were around for Rousseau and many of his fellow thinkers, it is easy to see where one might be compelled to think this way. I don’t think that it is necessarily healthy to hold onto this opinion in terms of today’s government, but there are some very interesting lessons that can be gleaned. This book takes the opportunity to touch on a number of political topics and how they affect people and it does not miss. The author obviously has a healthy fear of big government, which was extremely important during his time. I think that the consideration of force among peoples is an extremely important consideration, as well. Individuals can either conform to force as it confronts them or they can take the forces in their way and direct them. I think that it is difficult for most people to grasp having unnecessary force being put on them. As the author wrote in the first part of the book, men were not made to be enslaved, so that is not a natural thing for them to have to put up with. This understanding is essential to getting to know human beings and further, understanding society at large. How to cite Barker, Social Contract(Rousseau), Papers

Black Like Me Racism Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Black Like Me: Racism Essay, Research Paper John Howard Griffin encountered several incidents of racial favoritism in the South as he posed as a black adult male. Griffin felt that most of the incidents occurred non because the culprits were average people, but that they were ignorant of tolerance and credence. Several illustrations of know aparting incidents that Griffin encountered were the clip when a auto full of white male childs drove by and threw a tangerine at Griffin ; the clip when a white # 8220 ; bully # 8221 ; pursued Griffin for no ground ; and the clip when a Louisiana coach driver refused to allow Griffin off the coach at his halt. First, an illustration of racial favoritism is the clip when a auto full of white male childs drove by and threw a tangerine at Griffin. Griffin was in Mississippi walking down Mobile Street when a auto full of white male childs drove by and shouted lewdnesss at Griffin, who was walking entirely. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Like Me Racism Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the male childs proceeded to throw a tangerine at Griffin # 8217 ; s caput, but it missed and splattered on a wall behind Griffin. Although the tangerine missed his caput, Griffin felt the # 8220 ; insane panic # 8221 ; of the incident, and realized how intense the tenseness between inkinesss and Whites was in Mississippi. Griffin besides learned that racists don # 8217 ; t ever recognize how stupid and childish their stereotypes and actions are. In add-on to the drive-by incident, another illustration of racism is the clip when a white # 8220 ; bully # 8221 ; pursued Griffin for no ground. Griffin was in New Orleans, in hunt of a caf, when a white adult male much stronger and younger than Griffin got up from his place and started to follow Griffin. The adult male yelled things like, # 8220 ; Hey, Mr. No-Hair, # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Baldy, # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; Shit-head # 8221 ; to Griffin but Griffin merely quickened his gait. Griffin approached a coach halt where a few Negroes were seated, told them of his state of affairs, asked for their aid, and turned about to indicate out the white adult male ; nevertheless, he was non in sight. The Negroes seemed annoyed with Griffin and assumed he was rummy. Griffin, amazed at their coldheartedness toward his fortunes, continued walking. He shortly realized that the white adult male had started to follow him once more. Griffin eventually got the bravery to name the white adult ma le into an back street to contend him. Griffin walked into the back street, afraid T hat the bully would really follow him, and turned about to see if the tough was coming. The bully, nevertheless, did non follow Griffin into the back street. Griffin was highly relieved but still nervous. The significance of the state of affairs was that Griffin learned that toughs are weak inside, and their failing can be proved when they are reasonably challenged. In add-on to the drive-by incident and the intimidation incident, another illustration of white racism is the clip when a Louisiana coach driver refused to allow Griffin off the coach at his halt. Griffin was ready to acquire off the coach and peal the bell at his halt. The driver stopped and opened the door. Griffin walked all the manner from the dorsum of the coach to the last measure when the driver shut the door in Griffin # 8217 ; s face. Griffin asked courteously to be let off, but driver refused. Griffin was careful non to lose his pique because he thought it might endanger the Negroes # 8217 ; position in the country. Griffin, unable to go out the coach, returned to his place. On the manner back to his place, Griffin noticed a white adult female who watched him with understanding but would non recommend for him. Without help, Griffin sounded the doorbell at every halt. Eight blocks past Griffin # 8217 ; s original halt, some Whites wanted to acquire off the coach so the dr iver stopped to allow them off. Griffin got up to go out every bit good, but before he got away, he asked the driver if it was all right, and the driver answered yes-as if he was tired of the game. Griffin was astonished by this deliberate act of inhuman treatment, and realized that some Whites were racist merely because it was merriment. In decision, Griffin feels commiseration for the Southern white people because they have the typical racist-mentality. Griffin feels that they are non needfully bad people, but that they are nescient of the thoughts of tolerance and credence. The clip when a auto full of white male childs drove by and threw a tangerine at Griffin ; the clip when a white # 8220 ; bully # 8221 ; pursued Griffin for no ground ; and the clip when a Louisiana coach driver refused to allow Griffin off the coach at his halt are all illustrations of white racism towards Griffin in the South. These illustrations illustrate that Griffin realized what it felt like to be judged based merely on his tegument colour, non on his capablenesss, qualities, or mind.

The Ashikaga (Muromachi) Shogunate vs. the Minamoto (Kamakura) Shogunate Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction The subject of this paper is mediaeval Japan. straddling the three and a half centuries between the reasoning decennaries of the 12th century when the Kamakura bakufu was established and the mid-sixteenth century during which civil wars fumed following the effective failure of the Muromachi bakafu. The chronological events and betterments of these lively centuries depict mediaeval Japan’s civil order. economic system. society. and civilisation. every bit good as its associations with its Asiatic neighbours. This was the period of warriors. Throughout these centuries. the power of the warrior category continued to lift. and one political consequence of this development was the formation of two warrior authoritiess. or bakufu ( Hall ) . The Minamoto ( Kamakura ) Shogunate The initiation of Japan’s foremost warrior disposal. the Kamakura bakufu. characterized both a expiration and an gap. Since the 10th century. an progressively professionalized category of mounted contending work forces had served in local countries as estate decision makers and police officers and as functionaries attached to the variety meats of provincial administration. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ashikaga (Muromachi) Shogunate vs. the Minamoto (Kamakura) Shogunate Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By the 12th century. warriors had come to exert a dominant portion of the entire volume of local authorities. but even after two hundred old ages they remained politically immature. The most elevated warriors were still merely middle-level figures in hierarchies dominated by messengers and spiritual establishments in and near the capital. The bakufu’s initiation in the 1180s therefore represented an initial discovery to power on the portion of elect contending work forces. but the fledging government was barely in a place to presume unitary control over the full state. What was evolved was a system of authorities come closing a dyarchy. During the Kamakura period. Japan had two capitals and two interrelated venue of authorization. The potency of warrior power was clear plenty to those who cared to visualize it. but the bequest of the past prevented more than a slow advancement into the hereafter ( Varley ) . The Kamakura dictatorship was sorely tested when the Mongols attempted twice to suppress Japan with the largest naval armada of all time assembled. On both occasions. the Mongol naval forces was destroyed off the seashore of Kyushu by typhoons. which were calledkamikaze( divine air currents ) . The cost of constructing military munitions in Kyushu contributed to the ruin of the Minamoto kin. It was succeeded by the Ashikaga kin. which moved its military capital to the Muromachi country of Kyoto. As a consequence. Kyoto became the capital of both the imperial tribunal and the military dictatorship ( Young and Young ) . The Ashikaga ( Muromachi ) Shogunate Ashikaga Takauiji founded the Muromachi dictatorship in 1336. Relative latecomers to Kyoto. the Ashikaga warriors basically changed the power balance in the metropolis by set uping their central office at that place. Unlike the Kamakura dictatorship. which had maintained merely a limited presence in Kyoto. for a clip the Muromachi dictatorship made Kyoto the really base of the warriors. who were chiefly a provincial phenomenon. Despite their military capablenesss. nevertheless. they were non able to hold their manner in Kyoto wholly. In the mediaeval balance of multiple elites. both the nobility and the spiritual constitution continued to be forces to postulate with. Nevertheless. the warrior impact on Kyoto was shortly apparent. The Ashikaga and their protagonists were non simply the latest swayers to get in the metropolis. The of import functional difference between them and the other elites was based in portion on their military capacity: metropolis disposal. including adjudication and the enforcement of jurisprudence and order. frequently involved the usage of force. or at least the menace of force. Their application of bing warrior legal conventions to a broader societal spectrum was besides a important factor in their ability to administrate the metropolis. Finally the Muromachi dictatorship came to judge differences non affecting warriors: two blue bloods. for illustration. or an blue blood and a temple might turn to the dictatorship as the lone entity whose authorization carried adequate weight to make up ones mind a difference. By the early 15th century the dictatorship. like the imperial tribunal in early times. was recognized as the city’s decision maker ( Gay ) . The Muromachi dictatorship was the weakest of the three dictatorships – Kamakura. Muromachi. and Tokugawa – of pre-modern Japan ( Kanno ) . Even at its extremum under the 3rd Ashikaga shogun. Yoshimitsu. at the terminal of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th century. the shogunate’s enforceable authorization extended merely partly beyond the cardinal and western states of Honshu and the island of Shikoku. The Kanto was neer steadfastly under cardinal Ashikaga control. and in the early 15th century this of import part lapsed into disunion ( Embree and Gluck ) . The gradual waning of the centralised power of the Ashikaga dictatorship came to an terminal in Kyoto with the Onin civil war ( 1467-77 ) caused by the competition between two baronial households closely related to the house of Ashikaga. The dictatorship was so diminished that it could non command the rival cabals or forestall the war. which disseminated the population of Kyoto and caused the devastation of countless antique memorials. With the terminal of the Onin war in 1477 began Japan’s ‘Hundred Years’ War’ in which warfare among the daimyo was endemic. It was a century of feudal system without any cardinal authorization. Even the old imperial system which had maintained some administrative legal power over outlying parts became defunct ( Fletcher and Cruickshank ) . Plants Cited: Embree. Ainslie Thomas. and Carol Gluck.Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk. New York: M. E. Sharpe. 1997. Fletcher. Banister. and Dan Cruickshank.Sir Banister Fletcher’s a History of Architecture. 20 erectile dysfunction. Jordan Hill. Oxford: Architectural Press. 1996. Gay. Suzanne Marie.The Moneylenders of Late Medieval Kyoto. Honolulu. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. 2001. Hall. John Whitney.The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 3. Cambridge. United kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1999. Kanno. Eiji.New Japan Solo. 4th erectile dysfunction. New York: Kodansha International. 1998. Varley. H. Paul.Nipponese Culture. Honolulu. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. 2000. Young. David. and Michiko Young.Introduction to Nipponese Architecture. Osaki. Shinagawa-ku. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing. 2004.

Discuss the rationale behind the WS and Essay

Discuss the rationale behind the WS and Essay Discuss the rationale behind the WS and Essay Discuss the rationale behind the WS and PS curves (12 marks) Keynesian macroeconomics assumes that markets are imperfect and this as the result of lack of competition. The implication of imperfect market is that agents are no longer price takers as in perfect markets, but become price setters. In product markets the firms are price setters considering the elasticity of demand which is partly dependant on competition. In the labour market, workers are the wage setters. Through collective bargaining Trade Unions set wage rates, considering the elasticity for demand for labour and the level of local unemployment. â€Å"A worker who is employed in an area of high unemployment earns less than an identical individual who works in a region with low joblessness†. ( www.njfac.org/us19.htm last accessed on the 19th March 2014). When price taking behaviour is accepted, it changes how macroeconomics is analysed as inflation, unemployment, monitory policy, fiscal policy etc. The wage equation (WS) sets a relationship between the wage (WP) and the level of unemployment (E) in the economy, and is considered from the worker’s point of view. WS shows the rates of real wages that would fulfil the level of expectations of workers at different levels of unemployment. The Price Setting equation (PS) also sets up a relationship between the wage (WP) and the level of unemployment (E) but is viewed from the prospective of the firm. PS shows the rate of real wages that would fulfil the expectations of the firm at different levels of unemployment. When the two curves meet, the real wage at the point of intersection will meet the expectation of both the firm and the worker; thus equilibrium is established by the intersection of the PS and WS. When Trade Unions / workers bargain with employers regarding the money wage (W) consideration must be given to the state of employment and the expected selling price level of the product in the future. With employment, the higher the level of employment (E), there is a lower level of unemployment (U) this then provides an opportunity for greater bargaining power in relation to the wage rate. With regards to the expected product price, if it is anticipated that product price will rise during the next period, trade unions will seek a higher wage rate to compensate for the higher prices. Wage setting Real Wage Curve (WS) The wage setting curve is upward slopping, similar to the labour supply curve, but lies above the latter. For any level of employment (E), the real wage implied by the wage setting equation is higher than the wage rate that would prevail at (E) if labour markets were competitive. The gap between the two curves represents the mark up (in real wage) per worker because of market imperfections. Reasons which can explain the mark-up in wage can include the monopoly power of the trade unions and the efficiency wage which is offered by employers. In considering Price- setting, firms will maximise profit when MR (marginal rate) = MC (marginal cost). This is true irrespective of the degree of competition within the market. With an imperfect product market the real wage that will maximise profit is less than the marginal productivity of labour, how much lower will depend upon the degree of imperfection due to the lack of competition. Price setting Wage Curve In the diagram above, the PS curve is depicted by a horizontal line rather than a downward slopping PS curve. This can be justified by making the assumptions f a constant MPL and constant mark-up, Є/(1-Є). The constant MPL also means that there is a constant output per worker (APL). The fixed output per worker is divided between profit and real wage. However if the mark-up is also constant, this means profits per worker is constant. Therefore, the real implied wage per worker is also constant, thus the flat PS curve. The labour market is in equilibrium when the WS and PS curves intersect: Wws = Wps At this point the real

To investigate various ways of financing educational boot camps for Research Paper

To investigate various ways of financing educational boot camps for less privileged but gifted students in the Czech Republic - Research Paper Example It was also imperative to collect information on these learning platforms, so as to provide insight on what they would constitute, since they do not exist within the Czech education system. Information on the Czech education system was obtained from government sources like reports by the Office of the Government of the Czech Republic. There were also sources such as organizations’ and foundations’ reports like those by the European Commission and the Czech Institute for Information on Education. These secondary data sources were deemed credible owing to the impartial nature of their statistical findings on education, and especially gifted education in the country. The sources were also considered the best, as they provided a comprehensive overview of the background information that formed a basis for the research. The decision to use interview was aimed at collecting personal opinions from potential education boot camp financiers as research data. Interviews were also considered most suitable, since in depth understanding of and insight into the subject of gifted education funding in the Czech Republic was paramount to the study. Through directly interviewing potential sponsors of the proposed education programs, it was possible to directly define the study’s context. Additionally, use of interviews as primary data collection tools made it possible to discover the thoughts and feelings of the respondents on gifted education in the Czech Republic, while identifying their specific reasons for various opinions (Ã…  krabà ¡nkovà ¡, 2011). It was also imperative to gain human perspective of extant data and trends of gifted education in the country. There were several advantages of using interviews in the research. Key among the benefits noted was the usefulness of the interviews in obtain ing information in details, particularly in regard to personal opinions, outlooks on gifted education, and overall opinions.

Transformation & Tessellation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transformation & Tessellation - Essay Example Reflection involves flipping the object on the plane, creating a mirror image of the object on the same plane. Translation involves moving, or "sliding" the object within the plane, with the points moving on the same direction or with the same distance. Transformation can be applied in the real world in creating 3D images and models of objects, like houses, buildings, or even human beings. In order to capture the real essence of the object being imitated (or transformed), the same dimensions should be used, however, on a smaller scale. Tessellation, on the other hand, occurs when objects in a plane create a pattern without overlapping with each other, and without leaving gaps in between the object (Seymour and Britton, 1989). These patterns are often a subject of artworks, and one can see a lot of these kinds of patterns on books and on the Internet, in pages where one is asked to count the number of polygons in a page. One of the most common examples of this kind of patterns can be found on floor tiles, which follow the same principle: each tile should fit a given space, without overlapping with another tile, and without any gaps in between. The objects can be regularly shaped polygons, like squares, triangles, octagons, etc., with each side touching another objects side (Seymour and Britton, 1989). Irregularly shaped objects can also be used, which proves to be more complicated than using regular polygons. Common objects such as soccer balls, jigsaw puzzles and honeycombs also have a tessellated

The rapid evolution of rock music

The rapid evolution of rock music Rock Music its Rapid Evolution Introduction Music has been with man since the dawn of time. Every beat or sound can some way be considered as a form of music. Dating back to early man music could have been something as simple as the soothing sound of a waterfall or a tree swaying with the wind or a wild animal running through a forest. Today music is so diversified and so engrained in our lives that practically every child or teenager even an adult has a vast list of songs that they might listen to on their mp3 players. There are many varied branches of music existing today. These branches have now expanded to encompass everything from the tribal beats to anything that comes out of a synthesizer. And although we find music in many forms today, Im sure the purists would disagree with what the youth of today call great music. Now-a-days it seems the search is on for the â€Å"in music†. Music thats making everybody feel good now and which is discarded in a heartbeat once something better comes along. So what is it that has made rock music go so steady all these years? The reason why I have chosen Rock music for my seminar paper topic is that, I truly am very passionate about this genre of music. Rock Music or Rock as it is so called is vastly misunderstood by people, most of whom simply associate it with negative stereotypes like drug addiction, alcoholism, violence, sexual abuse, demonic control and other vices. One cannot blame people for having such misconceptions about Rock since over the years many of the famous Rock artists have come to be known mainly for their drug addiction and other outrageous behaviour under the influence of alcohol and chemical substances. However it is important to understand that one must separate the artist from his music and not pass unnecessary judgment on the music just based on the vices of the artist. Another misconception is that rock is only drums and guitar, when that is only the public face of Rock. There is a host of other instruments that are key elements to rock music as a whole, other than just guitar and percussion. Rock Music History Origins I would now like to begin with the History of Rock music. Where did it originate? What are its roots? How has it evolved along the years? What is the scenario at present? There are several views as to where exactly the Rock genre got up and going. And many believe that Rock originated in the west with the dawn of Rock Roll by Elvis Presley. However that is far from the case. It all started off during the post-war urbanization of America. The popular music of the late 1940s included country music, folk music, the blues, rhythm and blues (known as RB), jazz and classical music. Basically rock music hails from a blend of various popular music genres at that time in the United States of America. Rock music started off in the late 1940s when people wanted to move out from the slow beat jazz music and the slow electrified blues music to a much faster beat rhythm filled tune at that time. The rock sound is believed to have primarily originated with the guitar. It is believed that the existing guitar tunes used in blues music was soon blending in with other forms of music like jazz, classical music, folk music and other popular forms of music existing back then. All this led to the birth of Rock music as a separate genre of music which back then came to be known as Rock n Roll towards the early 1950s. Around that time i.e. the late 1940s to the early 1950s Rhythm and Blues (RB) musicians mainly concentrated on the black audience. However later onwards musicians started playing for a multi-racial audience. These musicians also targeted the newer forms or blends of music towards this audience. Later on these same fast beat blends of RB and the blues etc came to be coined as ‘Rock n Roll. â€Å"It is believed that in 1951 in a town in Cleveland, Ohio in USA a musician by the name of Alan Freed is said to have began playing a new form of RB music for a multi-racial audience is believed to have first used the phrase ‘Rock ‘N Roll to describe his music.† Source: Icons of Rock Scott Schinder with Andy Schwartz Encyclopaedia Britannica Rock Music. Rock Music Evolution Rock music is believed to be one of those genres of music that has evolved very rapidly over the past 50 to 60 years. Its rapid evolution has been witnessed mainly over the last 50 years. It all started with good old Rock n Roll in the 1950s. This later evolved in the 1960s which was considered as a Golden Era for Rock music. Rock took a totally different turn with the British invasion of rock by the Beatles. This was later followed by what came to be known as Surf music in America which was a mix of the catchy rock n roll n the hip and happening Beatles music. The Beatles music also led to a new form of music that was called as the hippy and psychedelic rock music. In the 1970s which came to be known as the memorable years evolved different forms of rock music such as Hard Rock, Punk Rock also Pop Rock. The 1980s witnessed a change in the band members hair styles. This era also was famous for what was called as hair bands. It included styles of rock such as punk rock funk rock. It led to the evolution of Heavy Metal. Bands used to wear tight leather pants and sported insane long hairdos. The 1990s showed a completely new and insane evolution of rock. It gave newer forms of rock such as Grunge Rock Alternative Rock. It gave the revolutionary guitar distortion feedback. Many of the genres from the 1950s onwards till the 1999s are still well known today. Most of the bands in those eras are still popular today. Many of todays bands still play the different styles of rock music. Some of them even make remakes of those songs using modern day styles and instruments. The later half of 2000 also witness something that very well came to be known as fusion music. It involved bringing together classical music (Western or Indian) and blending it in with modern day rock music. This style today is very popular especially in our country among our Indian youth that have blended the Indian classical instruments very smoothly with instruments like the guitar, keyboard, percussion, etc. The 1950s The 1950s gave rise to the Youth culture. It faced problems such as racial tensions the advent of the Cold War. This first saw the advent of Rock n Roll with great artists like Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, The Shadows, Buddy Holly, Bo Diddley, Bill Haley the Comets, Gene Vincent, the Everly Brothers, and Carl Perkins, among many others. These were considered to be the first wave of Rock n Rollers. Rock and roll in its earliest stage could have been described as just blues with a few electric guitar tunes attached to it. In its purest form, Rock Roll was as simple as three chords, a strong yet insistent guitar back beat, and a catchy melody. Early rock roll was drawn from sources primarily including blues, RB, and country, but also gospel, traditional pop, jazz, and folk. These genres were combined together in a simple, blues-based song structure that was fast, danceable, and catchy. Rockabilly emerged in the mid1950s. It is simply a mix of rock and roll, country music, blues, and a little jazz too. It was a fundamental music genre of the 50s. The fathers or founders of Rock n Roll came t be known as Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, Little Richard Chuck Berry. Their music revolutionized the music industry and later gave way to new forms of rock music in the decades to follow. Even in todays times their music is still very popular. Rockabilly was popularized by white singers like Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins Jerry Lee Lewis who mainly concentrated on the country roots of the music. The Popular hits recorded around that time were Thats All Right (Mama) Elvis Presley, Heartbreak Hotel Elvis Presley, Rock Around the Clock Bill Haley the Comets, Folsom Prison Blues Johnny Cash, Blue Suede Shoes Carl Perkins. Another popular form of Rock n Roll in the 1950s was called the ‘Doo Wop. It emphasized on multi-part vocal harmonies and meaningless backing lyrics supported with light instrumentation. Its origins were African American vocal groups like the Inkspots the Mill Brothers. Famous bands of this form of music were The Orioles, The Ravens and The Clovers, that used a strong element of traditional gospel music in their songs. The great hits included â€Å"The Great Pretender† The Platters, â€Å"Yakety Yak† The Coasters â€Å"Yes Sir, Thats my Baby† The Clovers along with many others. Later on during the 1950s Elvis Presley came to be known as the King of Rock n Roll. Even today he is still remembered as ‘The King. The decline of Rock n Roll was witnessed during the early 1960s with the death of famous musicians like Buddy Holy and Richie Valens in a plane crash; the departure of Elvis Presley for the army, the retirement of Little Richard to become a preacher, prosecutions of Jerry Lee Lewis and Chuck Berry and the breaking of the payola scandal. All of the above incidents gave a sensation that the rock and roll era has come to an end. However during its decline rock n roll witnessed a feminine side with an introduction of love ballads targeted to a female audience the rise of girl groups like The Crystals and The Shirelles. All the events that occurred in the 1950s eventually led to what came to be known as Surf Music, Garage Rock the Twist dance craze. However the major event that was a hit in the 1960s was that of the rise of British Rock n Roll with the emergence of The Beatles which was greatly influenced by the Americas 1950s Rock n Roll. The 1960s The 1960s witnessed many events like that of the Vietnam War, Civil Rights War, Surf Music, Hippie culture, The San Francisco Scene, The Music of Protests the birth of Heavy Metal. Similarly Rock n Roll in the 1960s went through 4 phases or parts. These parts are as follows: Part I The Beatles The British Invasion Part II Motown Music Part III Classic Rock: The Sounds of the 1960s Part IV Message Music Before 1963 i.e. 1961 onwards America witnessed the rise of Surf Music a form of Rock n Roll. This music was pioneered by Duane Eddy, Link Wray, and The Ventures that added distinctive wet reverb style rapid alternate picking to the music. One of the famous hits was Lets Go Trippin in 1961 and this launched the surf music craze. The all time favourite band of this era is The Beach Boys. Part I The Beatles The British Invasion During this decade i.e. post 1963 America along with the rest of the world witnessed what came to be known only as ‘The British Invasion. During the 1960s the most well know and world renowned band of the British invasion was the one and only Beatles. The Beatles till today are considered to be the all time success stories of the 1960s. The main reason why the Beatles are considered one of the best and most influential rock bands of all time is the because they took what Elvis and other Rock n Roll artists created in the 1950s and transformed it into a whole new different thing. Hence this era is known as one that gave birth to a new age of Rock. The Beatlemania had begun with its first single hit song in 1962 â€Å"Love Me Do† in Great Britain. Along with the Rock n Roll of the 1950s the Beatles popularized new genres of rock music ranging from ranging from folk rock to psychedelic pop. The Beatles were so influential during the 1960s that their progressive ideals were considered to be social cultural revolutions. Other great hits of the Beatles include â€Å"I Wanna Hold Your Hand† which sold 2.6 million copies in the United States in just two weeks. The Beatles came out with many hits during this era such as â€Å"She Loves You†, â€Å"Please Please Me†, etc. Other emerging bands in this era included The Dave Clark Five, The Kinks The Rolling Stones. The Rolling Stones greatest hit during this period was â€Å"Honky Tonk Woman† Part II Motown Music Motown was a Detroit based record company that was founded by Berry Gordy who was a one-time assembly line worker at Ford Motors. It became the most successful black owned record company by 1963. Motown had a number of vocal groups, songwriters musicians. The music recorded was known for its tight orchestrations and catchy lyrics. The music was based on the injustice to the black community during the Civil War. The Motown greats were The Temptations, The Four Tops, Martha Reeves the Vandellas and Diana Ross The Supremes. Part III Classic Rock: The Sounds of the 1960s This era witnessed what was known as the Hippe culture. Their main chant was ‘Make Love Not War. Peace was their underlying theme. The Beatles is one of the famous bands that transitioned during this phase in terms of their look and music. Other artist that came to existence were Jefferson Airplane, Grace Slick, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Doors, Steppenwolf, Simon Garfunkel, Mamas and the Pappas and Lovin Spoonful. The famous concert of this era was The Woodstock. This was a concert for promoting peace, love brotherhood. Artists like Jimi Hendrix rocked the concert. Part IV Message Music Most themes found in rock and roll during this era dealt with love and relationships gone wrong. It followed the war on Vietnam the various protests being undertaken. The music was an attempt to reflect upon the events occurring at that time like the civil rights movement, the growing unrest over the war in Vietnam, and the rise of feminism. The message within the song focused on peace. Many songs received substantial airplay and became anthems at concerts, rallies, and demonstrations. The Message through Folk Music The Message through Rock Music The most well known artists to emerge from the folk tradition include Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Phil Ochs, and the trio known as Peter, Paul, and Mary. In 1965, an artist, Barry McGuire hit the charts with a song that reflected the growing turmoil in the world. Other popular hippy and psychedelic bands such as Pink Floyd, The Who, The Rolling Stones, The Yardbirds, the Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, Cream, and others began to rule the world. These bands gave rise to the counterculture movement, trendsetters, with their drug induced lyrics and hypnotic melodies. Other genres of rock began to emerge such as progressive rock which is experimenting with other instruments other than guitar, bass and drums. This was popularized by Pink Floyd. Folk rock was popularized by Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin. The 1960s ultimately gave birth to heavy metal which is a thick, heavy, and highly amplified genre of rock mainly popularized by Black Sabbath. The world was just now beginning to witness the tremendous power impact rock really had on society. The 1970s In the 1970s the Vietnam War had ended, the protests stopped people began to settle down. Along with that, the music too did settle down. The world witnessed the split of the Beatles also the death of John Lennon. The 70s rock music brought different cultures and audiences closer together than ever before. Rock music began to branch out into new genres like Hard Rock, Heavy Metal Punk Rock. Led Zeppelin became extremely popular with its perfect blend of Hard Rock Blues music that they could call its own. In this era bands and artists such as David Bowie, Yes, The Eagles, and Queen became very influential. Towards the late 70s the world also witnessed the rise of Punk Rock. The founding fathers of punk were The Ramones. They combined anarchism and teenage rage with rock and roll and this came to be known as Punk Rock. Other bands such as The Sex Pistols and The Clash helped popularize and redefine punk rock. This new, powerful and intense genre of music influenced many bands of the future. The 1980s And then came the 1980s. Rock Music revolutionized itself in a way that everyone wanted to be part of the upcoming scene. The music took a different turn, more in terms of punk rock, new wave, heartland rock and alternative rock. Most people would think of the 80s as all about big hairdos and androgyny. The gay activists took to in a big way in this decade. People started embracing the opposite sex and everyone had colour in everything they did or wore. This inspired the rock music scene greatly. The eighties saw everything from enthusiasm to neon pink socks, worn by men. Creativity was expressed so greatly in the 1980s and artists wore their individuality with pride. The 1980s music scene is possibly considered as one of the strangest times in the evolution of rock music. Music artists were doing everything, a mix of bubblegum pop, sentimental forever ballads to thumping electric beats and even the hardest rock metal. This decade practically saw it all. Artist such as Bruce Springsteen, Guns and Roses, Van Halen, AC/DC, Aerosmith, Iron Maiden, Metallica, Bon Jovi, and Motley Crue can best be remembered for their power ballads and great guitar solos. A new genre of music called as ‘New wave also emerged from punk, funk, and disco. It was made popular by artists such as Divo, The B-52s, Talking Heads, and Blondie. Indie rock or Alternative rock as it is well known began to emerge in the late 1980s with artists such as U2, R.E.M., The Cure, The Smiths, and Sonic Youth were very popular with college students. Punk also became more popular with bands such as Black Flag and the Dead Kennedys. This was also the time of producers. Theyre importance grew and artists took notice that a good producer could take their records to the market. Then came the advent of having soundtracks in movies. Record companies realized the economics in placing a song in a movie, the response was tremendous. Regardless of the variety, the music is the eighties was a big hit, it still is. And thats because the music spoke the minds of the people, it made no apologies, one could identify with a slow ballad by Phil Collins in the afternoon and put up their black leather jacket, rocking to Iron Maiden by night time, you dint have to apologize to anyone. Freedom of expression, experimenting and lyrics became an integral part of the eighties. And that is precisely the reason why the eighties they say will never die. The 1990s The early 90s was known as the era of grunge and alternative rock. Nirvana came to be known as the most popular grunge band of the 90s. Grunge music can be described as dirty guitar, strong guitar riffs with distortion and feedback. It consisted of dark lyrics and expressed teenage angst. Popular grunge and alternative bands were Pearl Jam, Nirvana, Janes Addiction and Alice in Chains. A more iconic scene was that of the emergence of female artists. Women were becoming much less dependent on men, and less oriented towards having a family-based future. They were daughters of women who fought for equal rights and they expressed it- in the form of words and notes. The magazine, Billboard brought about the commercial success of the music industry. It changed the way it ranked singles and albums of artists by tallying actual sales at retail stores instead of using the industry-manipulated word of mouth. Rock suddenly beat pop in terms of sales, and minority genres such as country and hip-hop began to enter the charts. This led the industry to invest more in these minority genres. The 1990s proved that music was for the listener and that the idea behind music was to view the artist as a whole, his production, his team, his lyrics, his image, his music video and his personality. Everyone had a favorite type of music and a favorite genre, a favorite artist and a favorite album. You couldnt help it- there were so many choices by this time. 2000 Present Alternative rock even today is one of the popular and broadest genre of rock music. Emo, is a new sub genre of rock that consists of intense emotional lyrics with hardcore punk roots. It was popularized by bands like From First to Last, The Used, Brand New and softer bands such as Dashboard Confessional and Bright Eyes which can also be described as indie. The word indie actually stands for independent and refers to bands that are part of an independent record label. However, today indie has a whole new meaning. Indie can be described as mainly underground and softer version of alternative rock. Popular indie bands include Death Cab for Cutie, The Strokes, Elliott Smith, The Decemberists, The Arcade Fire, The Postal Service a few others. Heavy metal has now reached an extremely new level. Sub-genres of heavy metal like black metal, death metal and thrash metal which is very loud, aggressive and fast entered the industry. Popular hardcore metal bands include Slipknot, As I Lay Dying, Korn, Norma Jean and Cannibal Corpse. Alternative rock has now become an all time hit with bands such as Incubus, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Chevelle, Coldplay, and the Foo Fighters. Pop rock is another popular genre. It is rock mixed with a more mainstream approach and popular lyrics. Pop rock bands include Fall Out Boy, All-American Rejects, Ashlee Simpson, Avril Lavigne, and others. Another form of music that came about was the rap rock. They symbolized the fusion of the raw, street music and hard rock pelting beats. It was an instant hit with the fans of both the genres. Examples of such were Linkin Park, Limp Bizkit, Faith no More, Rage Against the Machine, etc Rock Music in the Indian Scenario Rock music caught on in India during the mid 70s. I remember hearing stories of my father and his brothers in small time bands playing the good oldies like Elvis Presley, The Carpenters, The Beatles, The Shadows, Bob Dylan and other artists on their guitars. These were many such small groups which were mainly Catholics that played all the dance numbers mainly for weddings the Christmas dance. These were the jive the twist numbers that people used to love to dance to back in the day. Towards the 80s artists like Led Zeppelin, Dire Straits Jethro Tull became quiet popular. People used to purchase these music cassettes and listen to this kind of music on their audio cassette players Sony Walkman. That however was a very long time ago. Things soon changed with the Gulf War of 1991 opening the gates to media in India. MTV was one of the channels that were beamed, along with CNN. Apart from Pop music what caught on quickly was rock. However, as an audience, the numbers in India were still minimal. It was only bands like Def Leppard, Bon Jovi and U2 that caught the fancy of many people. To a large extent, rock began and ended with Deep Purples Highway Star. The love for rock only meant name-dropping and wanting to sound fashionably rebellious. All that changed quickly changed to from the year 2000 onwards. Hard rock quickly caught on along with its counterpart Heavy Metal and is literally worshipped in many engineering colleges all over India. Many groups have been formed in various areas where the rock scene is still alive. These include Goa, Bangalore, Mumbai, Pune Delhi. Many popular India bands hail from these areas and have composed pretty famous hits that are well known to the Indian Rockers. Many engineering colleges still pay tribute to Rock by hosting Rock shows where fans from various parts of the country rush to gather head bang in harmony. The first rock band in India to become famous was Indus Creed. Famous Indian rock bands of today include bands like Zero, Pentagram, Parikrama, Them Clones and various others. One happening rock shows of Mumbai used to be the Independence Rock gig at Rang Bhavan popularly known as I-Rock which used to be packed and crowded as it was very popular and had bands playing from all over the country. Off late the popularity of i-rock has died down due to the change in date and venue due to certain restrictions. Another new genre of rock music that has probably evolved in India is Fusion rock which involves blending Indian classical instruments with that of the electric guitar, keyboard drums. This is something that is definitely coming up in the country with rock songs in Hindi rather than English and even in Hinglish. I still feel that there is very poor liberalization for Rock music in our country but as time passes by things will definitely seem to be getting better. One evident fact is Channel Vs ‘Launch Pad that takes place every year that hunts to find the Countries most popular and best Rock band. Along with Channel V, MTV has also started something called as Rock on Desi Beats that hunts for fusion rock bands of the country and popularizes the best. Another evident fact that rock music is catching up quickly was the launch of the movie ‘Rock On directed by starring Farhan Akhtar. Conclusion Hence I strongly believe that Rock music with its legendary History can never die out. It will always be a part of culture and will always be know as that which shapes culture strongly affects society. It is finally meant for people to understand that Rock is just about the music and the passion it drives in the youth. It should not be stereotyped with drug abuse alcoholism other vices. For this to happen it is the people that must change their ways and also it is essential for the famous artists to set a better example as they owe it to their fans as much as they owe it to the music. Another important factor is that although opportunities in the country for Rock music are very low it is extremely tough to become big, society must encourage the youngsters that have a passion for this music. Bibliography Internet References * http://www.warr.org/roots.html (Wilson and Alroys Record Reviews) * http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html (American Culture History) * http://www.spinner.com/2009/09/30/70s-music/ * http://www.cracked.com/article_15636_the-10-most-terrifyingly-inspirational-80s-songs.html * http://www.scaruffi.com/ (Rock Music Resources) * http://www.allmusic.com/ (Articles on various Artists) * http://www.britannica.com/ (Encyclopedia Britannica) * http://www.encyclopedia.com/ * http://www.mid-day.com/ (Articles on Indian Rock bands) Book Journal References * Icons of Rock (An Encyclopedia of the Legends who changed Music Forever) Scott Schinder with Andy Schwartz * Why 1955? Explaining the Advent of Rock Music Richard A. Peterson * Inside Rock Music Vance Ferrell

Autonomy and Society During the Industrial Revolution :: Essays Papers

The Industrial Revolution gave mankind more control over natural forces and made the production of more goods possible. One of the biggest changes from the Industrial Revolution was the movement of the population from a rural setting to the urban areas. Many new cities were created, and most of the already existing urban centers expanded in size. The population of Great Britain, France, and Germany increased by a combined 14 million people between 1831 and 1851.1 Living conditions for all classes were improved, and the people began to live in less poverty than ever before. More people of the time came to have extra money, creating an economy that grew by having a wider domestic base instead of concentrating more on trade. The industrialization of Europe created progress for all, improving the quality of life, and availability of products, as well as help close the gap between proletariat and bourgeoisie. The population was divided into two classes, the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Both groups had differing ideas of culture, society, laws, and general lifestyles. The bourgeoisie, or middle class, was the controlling group, consisting of merchants, tradesmen, and professionals. The middle class was the wealthier class, in charge of factories and involved in governmental positions. In middle class families there was a distinct separation between men and women. The men went out and earned money for the family, while the women stayed at home and raised children. Bourgeois children were treasured by their families, and educated in both schools and at home. "Daily experience shows that it is energetic individualism which produces the most powerful effects upon the life and action of others, and really constitutes the best practical education."2 An education gave the bourgeoisie a sense of superiority over the working class as well as a sense of responsibility for them. The bourgeoisie had a firm belief that the market was the ultimate expression of individual liberty. The middle class society controlled the fate of the working class and oftentimes exploited them to further their own ends, all in the name of improving society. Most middle class people were concerned mainly with gaining wealth, and ensuring that the working class did not rise up against them. The bourgeoisie felt that the lower class was lazy and would be unproductive if they were not properly disciplined. Therefore, working conditions in factories were very difficult on the life of the working class man.

Position of Women in the Society: Iron-Jawed Angels Film Essay

Historically, women have been relegated to the back seat in matters to do with leadership or choice of their leaders. Nonetheless, this is not the case today as many societies have embraced gender ‘equality’ with opportunities shared among men and women. Of importance is that these rights should not to be taken for granted as it took a lot of suffering and dedication to win them. Such kind of struggle is portrayed in the film Iron-Jawed Angels, which depicts the United States society as it was in the 1920s. The society is dominated by political chauvinism, it is a men society: the women are denied the rights to vote. The director of the film uses the two protagonists (women), Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to portray the ills the women suffragists went through in their fight for the empowerment of the women (repeal of the 19th Amendment of the U. S. constitution). Having just arrived from England where they have been actively involved in women suffrage movements, Paul and Burns joins the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). However, it is not long before they realize that NAWSA cannot accommodate them as they are too radical. As a result they form the National Women Party (NWP), a much more radical vessel through which they can protest and fight for women rights. As expected the NWP and NAWSA leaders openly trades criticisms. For instance the NAWSA blames the NWP for staging demonstrations during a time when the country was in war. The demonstration leads to the arrest of several members of the NWP for allegedly disrupting traffic. The arrested members are sent to the Occoquan Workhouse were they stay for a period of 60 days. While there they undergo all sorts of prison brutality. As a result, Paul and others members goes on a hunger strike prompting the prison authorities to feed them using pipes. The news of the harsh treatment leaks to the media people who regard the women as the ‘Iron Jawed Angles. ’ Meanwhile the NAWSA lobbies relentlessly and they win the presidents heart who eventually pardons Paul, Burns and the other arrested members. The movie portrays the society as one-sided and leaning on the side of men while leaving the women to grapple their way out of the socio-political darkness, an endeavor which is not easily achievable. It needs people (women) to make many sacrifices and to incur huge costs, for instance Paul is forced to choose between love and socio-political equality – she chooses the fight for equality while Inez Mulholland a colleague gives up her life for a similar cause. To achieve their objectives the protagonists shelf their different personalities and unite to fight for women socio-political equality. They clash with the male dominated, chauvinist society. Interestingly even one of their own, the older women led by Carrie Chapman are stumbling blocks who believe that the men will eventually grant them voting rights. Indeed they have got iron-made wills that gives them the courage to fight for the good of society since a society built on pillars of equality of opportunities and respect of basic human rights never stumbles. Paul and colleagues may be typically attractive but they are not ready to sit down and wait for their men to change things or to continue being subject to laws that they were not involved in making. As opposed to the traditional American suffragists ways of doing things Paul and colleagues adopts the British way which demands for full socio-political recognition of the women. For instance, they refuse to eat when they are held in prison. Hence their movement can be regarded as a real tool for uprooting all forms of societal inequalities. Apart from agitating for women suffrage the movement also recognizes the need to uproot others ills such as racism. In fact, Paul recognizes black women organizations such as the Delta Sigma Theta and others which volunteers to support her movement. However she is too clever to see that their joining will negatively affect the required support for winning the suffrage particularly in the southern region. There is one outstanding aspect of the movie that, despite it championing for women suffrage it does not restrict itself to women supporters. It recognizes men as part of the collective supporters of the movement and who stand to benefit not by getting partners or even not because they are obligated to do so but they acknowledge the fact that there should be a similar and impartial social justice system. As such therefore the movie seeks to convince both women and men that the fight for modern woman equality is not confined to women only, it is an issue that concerns everybody. Lastly, though the movie depicts historical events that took place a century ago it should not be taken as so. These events define the contemporary society: women enjoy voting rights because of the efforts made by Paul and colleagues and therefore the issues that affected the society at that time are contemporary issues which are among us today.

Lagomorpha Include Hares, Rabbits, and Pikas

Hares, pikas, and rabbits (Lagomorpha) are small terrestrial mammals that include cottontails, jackrabbits, pikas, hares, and rabbits. The group is also commonly referred to as lagomorphs. There are about 80 species of lagomorphs divided into two subgroups, the pikas and the hares and rabbits. Lagomorphs are not as diverse as many other mammal groups, but they are widespread. They inhabit every continent except Antarctica and are absent from only a few places around the globe such as parts of South America, Greenland, Indonesia, and Madagascar. Although not native to Australia, lagomorphs have been introduced there by humans and have since successfully colonized many parts of the continent. Lagomorphs generally have a short tail, large ears, wide-set eyes and narrow, slit-like nostrils that they can scrunch tightly closed. The two subgroups of lagomorphs differ considerably in their general appearance. Hares and rabbits are larger and have long hind legs, a short bushy tail, and long ears. Pikas, on the other hand, in contrast, are smaller than hares and rabbits and more rotund. They have round bodies, short legs, and a tiny, barely-visible tail. Their ears are prominent but are rounded and not as conspicuous as those of hares and rabbits. Lagomorphs often form the foundation of many predator-prey relationships in the ecosystems they inhabit. As important prey animals, lagomorphs are hunted by animals such as carnivores, owls, and birds of prey. Many of their physical characteristics and specializations have evolved as a means of helping them escape predation. For example, their large ears enable them to hear approaching danger better; the position of their eyes enables them to have a near 360-degree range of vision; their long legs enable them to run quickly and out-maneuver predators. Lagomorphs are herbivores. They feed on grass, fruits, seeds, bark, roots, herbs, and other plant material. Since the plants they eat are difficult to digest, they expel a wet fecal matter and eat it to ensure that the material passes through their digestive system twice. This enables them to extract as much nutrition as possible from their food. Lagomorphs inhabit most terrestrial habitats including semi-deserts, grasslands, woodlands, tropical forests, and arctic tundra. Their distribution is worldwide with the exception of Antarctica, southern South America, most islands, Australia, Madagascar, and the West Indies. Lagomorphs have been introduced by humans to many ranges in which they were not formerly found and often such introductions have led to widespread colonization. Evolution The earliest representative of the lagomorphs is thought to be Hsiuannania, a ground-dwelling herbivore that lived during the Paleocene in China. Hsiuannania is known from just a few fragments of teeth and jawbones. Despite the scant fossil record for early lagomorphs, what evidence there is indicates that the lagomorph clade originated somewhere in Asia. The earliest ancestor of rabbits and hares lived 55 million years ago in Mongolia. Pikas emerged about 50 million years ago during the Eocene. Pika evolution is difficult to resolve, as only seven species of pikas are represented in the fossil record. Classification The classification of lagomorphs is highly controversial. At one time, lagomorphs were considered to be rodents due to striking physical similarities between the two groups. But more recent molecular evidence has supported the notion that lagomorphs are no more related to rodents than they are to other mammal groups. For this reason, they are now ranked as an entirely separate group of mammals. Lagomorphs are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Lagomorphs Lagomorphs are divided into the following taxonomic groups: Pikas (Ochotonidae) - There are about 30 species of pikas alive today. Members of this group include silver pikas, collard pikas, steppe pikas, Chinese red pikas, Himalayan pikas, and many other species. Pikas are notable for their short, rounded ears, lack of a tail, and round body.Hares and rabbits (Leporidae) -Â  There are about 50 species of hares and rabbits alive today. Members of this group include eastern cottontails, robust cottontails, European rabbits, antelope jackrabbits, snowshoe hares, Arctic hares, volcano rabbits, desert hares, Abyssinian hares, and many others.